GLOSSARY OF ENGLISH-to-FILIPINO and FILIPINO-to-ENGLISH EQUIVALENT TERMS
(TALASALITAAN NG MAGKATUMBAS NA KATAGANG FILIPINO-INGLES AT INGLES-FILIPINO)
FOREWORD
This list is limited to terms/words commonly used in the mountaineering community in the Philippines, in general, and in SikapBundok communications, in particular. It is not meant to be all encompassing. A few of the Filipino equivalents are SB adopted terms only.
Filipino, as used here, refers to the Tagalog-based national language of the Philippines.
Pronunciation guides have not been included (maybe in a future edition). Suffice it to say, for now, that Philippine words generally have stress indicators which show where stress is and how the word is pronounced. Unfortunately, unlike in French, Spanish and other languages, it is not common to see the stress marks in written works, even in official communications. For the non-native speakers, if in doubt as to pronunciation, ask a native speaker. In any case, even if mispronounced, the native speaker would likely understand based on the context. We are used to these situations.
TRIVIA: Tagalog, probably derived from.Taga-ilog. or .resident/people of the river,. is one of the more than 80 recognized languages (not dialects) in the Philippines. Like most Philippine languages, it is mainly of Malayo-Polynesian origin with sprinkling of Arabic, Chinese and Indian words. The lingua-franca has many words of Spanish origin, owing to the more than 400 years of colonization by Spain. The modern Tagalog, particularly in the urban areas, has also integrated many words from American English.
Tagalog is the first language in central and southern Luzon, the main island of the country. That it became the basis of the national language .Filipino. probably has to do more with history than with anything else. The colonizers established their seat of government in Manila, rather than in Cebu or in Vigan. Otherwise, the basis of the national language would have been either Cebuano (Sugbuanon) or Ilokano. In any case, Filipino as a language is still evolving. A decade or so from now, it would probably be a truly distinct language from Tagalog.
Action | Kilos |
Activity | Kilusin |
Ascent/Ascend | Akyat/Umakyat |
Assembly | Kapulongan/ Kapulungan |
Association | Samahan |
Base | Puno |
Basic/Bases/basis | Batayan |
Bay | Look (pronounced as two syllables .lo . ok.) |
Beach | See Seashore |
Begin | Simula. umpisa (from Spanish .Empezar.) |
Bridge | Tulay |
Camp | Kampo (from Spanish .Campo.) |
Cascade | Balisbis |
Cave | Yungib, Kuweba (from Spanish .Cueva.) |
City | Lungsod, Siyudad (from Spanish .Ciudad.) |
Clearing | Palanas |
Cliff | Bangin |
Climb | See Ascend |
Cloud | Ulap |
Community | Pamayanan |
Creek | Sapa |
Day | Araw |
Descend/Descent | Baba, Bumaba |
End | Tapos, Katapusan, Dulo |
Environment | Kapaligiran |
Field | Bukid |
Flow | Daloy |
Foot | Paa, Paanan |
Forest | Gubat/ Kagubatan |
Hill | Burol |
Hole | Butas |
Incline | Dahilig, Dalisdis |
Jump | Talon |
Lake | Lawa |
Light | Ilaw, Liwanag |
Level | Patag, Pantay |
Lightning | Kidlat |
Meadows | Parang |
Meeting | Pulong, Miting (from the English) |
Middle | Gitna |
Month | Buwan |
Moon | Buwan |
Morning | Umaga |
Mountain | Bundok, Kabundukan |
Movement | Kilusan |
Municipality | Bayan, Munisipyo (from Spanish .Municipio.) |
Night | Gabi |
Ocean | Dagat |
Peak | Tuktok, ituktok |
Place | Pook (pronounced as two syllables .po . ok.) |
Plains | Kapatagan |
Rain | Ulan |
Range, mountain | Bulubundukin |
Ravine | Bangin |
Ridge | Taytay, Tagaytay |
Road | Daan (pronounced as two syllables .da . an.) |
Run | Takbo |
River | Ilog |
Sea | Dagat, laot |
Seashore | Baybay/Baybayin, Aplaya (from Spanish .La playa.) |
Shower | Ambon |
Spring | Bukal |
Start | Simula, Pasimula |
Street | See Road |
Storm | Bagyo (common), Unos (less common use) |
Stream | Batis |
Tent | Tolda (from Spanish) |
Trail | See Road |
Typhoon | Bagyo (commonly used), Unos (less common) |
Thunder | Kulog |
Torch | Sulo |
Town | Bayan |
Tree | Puno |
Trek | Tahak |
Tunnel | Lungga |
Valley | Lambak |
Walk | Lakad |
Waves | Alon, Lunday |
Website | Sapot (Adopted by SB from Tagalog term for .web.) |
Waterfall/falls | Talon |
Waterway | Ilat |
Woods | Kakahuyan/Kakahoyan |
Year | Taon |
FILIPINO-INGLES
Akyat | Ascent, Climb/ To climb/ To ascend |
Alon | Waves |
Ambon | Rain shower |
Aplaya | Beach, Seashore |
Araw | Day, Day-time, also Sun |
Baba | Descent/ To descend |
Bagyo | Storm, Typhoon |
Balisbis | Cascade (cascading water) |
Bangin | Cliff, Ravine |
Baybay | Beach, Seashore |
Batis | Stream |
Bayan | Town, Municipality |
Bukal | Spring (referring to water) |
Bukid | Field (as in .rice field.) |
Bulubundukin | Mountain range |
Bundok | Mountain |
Burol | Hill |
Butas | Hole |
Buwan | Month, also Moon |
Daan | Road, Street, Trail |
Dagat | Ocean, sea |
Daloy | Flow |
Dulo | End |
Gabi | Night, night-time |
Gitna | Middle |
Gubat | Forest |
Ilat | Waterway (usually, wet weather waterway) |
Ilog | River |
Ilaw | Light |
Ituktok | Peak |
Kabundokan/Kabundukan | Mountains |
Kakahoyan | Woods |
Kampo | Camp |
Kapaligiran | Environment, Surroundings |
Kapatagan | Plains |
Kapulongan/Kapulungan | Assembly |
Kidlat | Lightning |
Kilos | Action |
Kilusan | Movement |
Kilusin | Activity |
Kulog | Thunder |
Kumon | Commons (usually refers to common-use real property) |
Kuweba | Cave |
Lakad | Walk, Also used to mean ‘Destinaion., |
Lambak | Valley |
Lawa | Lake |
Laot | Sea |
Look | Bay, Cove |
Lunday | Waves |
Lungga | Tunnel |
Lungsod | City |
Munisipiyo | Town, Municipality |
Paa | Foot |
Paanan | Foot (of the hill or mountain) |
Palanas | Clearing |
Pamayanan | Community |
Pantay | Level, Even |
Parang | Meadows |
Patag | Level |
Pook | Place |
Pulong | Meeting |
Puno | Tree, Base, Head of organization |
Samahan | Association |
Sapa | Creek |
Sapot | Web, Website |
Simula | Beginning, Start |
Siyudad | City |
Sulo | Torch |
Tagaytay | Ridge |
Tahak | Trek |
Takbo | Run |
Talon | Waterfall/falls, Jump |
Taon | Year |
Tapos | End |
Taytay | Ridge |
Tolda | Tent |
Tuktok | Peak |
Tulay | Bridge |
Ulan | Rain |
Ulap | Cloud/s |
Unos | Storm, typhoon |
Yungib | Cave |